ICT System Design & Implementation Using Wireless Sensors to Support Elderly In-home Assistance

............................................................................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................5 1.1 APPLICATION AREA AND MOTIVATION ......................................................................................................5 1.2 PROBLEM STUDIED .....................................................................................................................................5 1.3 APPROACH CHOSEN TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM ............................................................................................5 1.4 THESIS GOALS AND EXPECTED RESULTS ....................................................................................................6 1.5 STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................................................6 2 ICT AND HEALTHCARE ..........................................................................................................................8 3 ELDERLY IN-HOME ASSISTANCE ...................................................................................................... 12 3.1 SYSTEM DESIGN ....................................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.1 Related Work ....................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1.2 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 SENSOR RELATED ENERGY CONSUMPTION .............................................................................................. 15 3.2.1 Related Work ....................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.2 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................................ 17 4 SYSTEM DESIGN AND RESULTS ......................................................................................................... 19 4.1 SYSTEM CONCEPT .................................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................................................................... 21 4.2.1 Sensor Setup ........................................................................................................................................ 21 4.2.2 Base Station ......................................................................................................................................... 25 4.2.3 Camera Setup ...................................................................................................................................... 25 4.2.4 Web Server and Application Setup ...................................................................................................... 25 4.2.5 Web Server ........................................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.6 Camera Control ................................................................................................................................... 27 4.2.7 Database Design & Implementation .................................................................................................... 28 4.2.8 SIP Server ........................................................................................................................................... 32 4.2.9 Network ................................................................................................................................................ 33 4.2.10 Programming ..................................................................................................................................... 33 5 EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS ............................................................................................................ 37 5.1 SENSOR NODE INTELLIGENCE CONCEPT ................................................................................................... 38 5.2 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS .......................................................................................................................... 39 5.3 DISCUSSION OF AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH .......................................................................................... 41 6 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................... 45 7 FUTURE WORK ........................................................................................................................................ 47 8 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 49 9 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................................. 55 9.1 DATABASE DESIGN ................................................................................................................................... 55 9.2 HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF ELDERLY IN-HOME ASSISTANCE ............................................................... 57 9.3 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES IN ELDERLY IN-HOME ASSISTANCE ............................................. 60 9.3.1 ZigBee .................................................................................................................................................. 60 9.3.2 LonWorks ......................................................................................................................................... 63 9.3.3 Z-Wave .............................................................................................................................................. 67 9.3.4 Comparison between ZigBee and Z-Wave ......................................................................... 70